For the Son of Man did not come to be
served but to serve and to give his life as a ransom for many."
Here we have one of the central verses in all of Mark’s
Gospel. Jesus’s death is a “ransom”, a payment of the price the “many” are
unable to pay themselves. Jesus sells himself into slavery in order to liberate
his brothers and sisters from bondage. For “Truly no man can ransom himself, or
give to God the price of his life, for the ransom of his life is costly, and
can never suffice, that he should continue to live on forever and never see the
grave.” On our behalf he
fulfills the image of the Suffering Servant prophesied by Isaiah: “…it was our
pain that he bore, our sufferings he endured…the Lord laid upon him the guilt
of us all.” As we heard in the first reading, “it was the Lord’s will to crush
him with pain…” and “My servant, the just one, shall justify the many, their
iniquity he shall bear.”
But the context in which this verse occurs does not directly
concern the atoning death of Jesus but his teaching on discipleship: “…whoever
wishes to be great among you will be your servant; whoever wishes to be first
among you will be the slave of all,” says Jesus to the Twelve.
Seen in the broader context of the passage immediately preceding
this one, Mark alerts us to the theme of discipleship by telling us that Jesus,
the Twelve, and his other followers are “on the way, going up to
Jerusalem,” with Jesus going on ahead of them. This image calls to mind the many
spiritual pilgrimages the people make to Jerusalem, and therefore elicits an
atmosphere of festal celebration, as we know from praying the Psalms of Ascent:
“I rejoiced when I heard them say, “Let us go up to the house of the Lord…There
the tribes go up, the tribes of the Lord.” It is also evocative of Israel’s
journey through the wilderness with the Lord God going before them in a pillar
of fire. Furthermore, it points to the fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah
alluded to in the opening verses of Mark: “Behold, I send my messenger before
your face, who shall prepare your way; ‘the voice of one crying out in the
wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord.’”
And if we look a few verses ahead in this same chapter 40
of Isaiah we find: “Get you up to the high mountain, O herald of good tidings
to Zion; / lift up your voice with strength, O herald of good tidings to
Jerusalem; / lift it up, fear not; / say to the cities of Judah, “Behold your
God!” / Behold, the Lord God comes with might, who rules by his strong arm…” Here the Lord appears as the mighty, strong-armed Divine Warrior
engaged in a cosmic battle against the forces of evil who has now begun his
triumphant march up to Jerusalem to liberate her from her enemies and establish
his kingship on Zion, his holy mountain. And the ransomed of the
LORD shall return, and enter Zion singing, crowned with everlasting joy,” says
Isaiah. For “her guilt is expiated…she has received
from the hand of her Lord double for all her sins.”
Mark says that the Twelve and the others who followed Jesus
were amazed and afraid. No doubt they were responding to the figure of Jesus
himself, whose whole manner and person must have radiated from within a
powerful and compelling combination of purpose, authority, and humility, united
in a dynamic forward-moving energy unobstructed by sin, totally surrendered as
he was to the will of his Father, and aware that the culmination of his mission
was drawing near. He is like the pillar of fire leading the Israelites of old. Amazement
and fear are fitting responses for those who have caught a glimpse of the
divine glory present yet hidden in the humanity of the Son of Man. The whole
group must have been caught up into this powerful movement, with its
multi-layered associations with the history, hopes, and dreams of God’s holy
people.
At this point, Jesus takes the Twelve aside and makes it
absolutely clear that the way of God as liberating warrior is one with the way
of the Suffering Servant. He will achieve his victory by his suffering and
death as obedient Servant, as the One who has emptied himself and taken on the
form of a slave. "Behold, we are going up to Jerusalem, and
the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and the scribes, and
they will condemn him to death and hand him over to the Gentiles who will mock him, spit upon him, scourge him, and put him to death, but after
three days he will rise."
It is at this point in the text that James and John come
forward with their request. Placed here as it is by Mark, it is hard to see how
they could have made a more blind request at a more inappropriate moment. They
seem in another world altogether; their minds apparently so totally occupied
elsewhere with their own dreams and imaginings that nothing else can penetrate.
On the other hand, we all know the temptation of wishing to ride along on the
wave of God’s victorious triumph over sin and death while overlooking the way
of the Cross even when it is staring us in the face.
Nevertheless, it seems to me too one-sided to interpret
the request of James and John exclusively as a desire for power and prestige. I
see no reason why more purely religious motives can’t be present here at the
same time: the enthusiasm and zeal for excellence of young, idealistic, but
untried disciples of weak understanding, who have caught a glimpse of the
divine glory in the face of Jesus, who hope to be intimately united with him
and share as deeply as possible in the mysteries of his life, who, in short, genuinely
want to be holy.
The tack they take though shows that they need much
conversion. They try to get Jesus to agree to their request before they say
what it is. Jesus does not respond with a reproach, however, but listens, and
chooses to see this instead as an opening and therefore an opportunity. First,
he warns them that they do not know what they are asking, and then sets up a
condition and a challenge. In this way, he appeals to their ambition, high
ideals, and goodwill in order to redirect it and draw something great out of
them.
“Can you drink the
cup that I drink or be baptized with the baptism with which I am
baptized?", he asks. “We can,” they respond immediately and without
hesitation. “We can”, I submit, is the only real response that a disciple can
give, unless we want to turn away like the rich man; in that, we must always
respond to God from the conviction that with God anything is possible, and not
in false humility from the sense of our limited capacity and human frailty. The
Lord has turned the petition into a task, and with the task always comes the
grace to carry it out. We must never come to the Lord having placed conditions
on our self-gift. Although their understanding needs to be stretched and their
motives purified, the basic desire for excellence and greatness, to reach
beyond simple fulfillment of the commandment, is a necessary ingredient for the
saint and the martyr, as it is for any lover. With their unhesitating response, James and
John dispose themselves to be put to use by the Lord as the Lord needs them and
sees fit. "The cup that I drink, you will drink, and with the
baptism with which I am baptized, you will be baptized…” With him going before
them showing the way, they will walk the path of the suffering servant. They
will share in his redemptive suffering.
In the Acts of the Apostles we read that King Herod had
James killed by the sword; probably between 42 and 44 AD. John on the other
hand, according to St. Irenaeus, lived to a ripe old age, dying under the
emperor Trajan, who reigned from 98-117 AD.
In John, we have an archetypal example of discipleship to
look to as someone who is not a martyr but nevertheless drinks from the same
cup of Jesus as the martyrs. Without in the least raising himself above the
other disciples and evangelists, John will be the one whom Jesus loved, who sat
at his side at the Last Supper and reclined his head on Jesus’ chest. He is the
only one of the Twelve to be present under the Cross, alongside the Lord’s
mother; he is the one of whom Jesus says to Peter after the Resurrection, “"What
if I want him to remain until I come? What concern is it of yours? He is the one “caught up in spirit on the Lord’s Day on Patmos, who saw
one like a son of man,” who “touched him with his right hand” and communicated
to him for all the churches the vision of the Apocalypse. Not least, he is the
one of the evangelists who can’t say enough what the others imply, that “God is
love.”
All of this did not just happen, but I believe is the
fruit and expression of a soul that has consistently handed itself over in
unconditional love for the Lord and whom the Lord himself has freely chosen and
regarded as fit to taste the full mystery of his suffering. I believe we get a
glimpse of this at the Cross.
The Lord alone is capable of paying the ransom to free us
from sin and death. The Lord must take the Cross on himself alone. John’s
service to Jesus, to God, and to the Church is this acceptance of letting
himself be drawn into the mystery of the Lord’s Cross and to taste the mystery
of his suffering for all of us, of his loneliness and of his forsakenness. From
the Cross, the Lord and John are present to one another and love one another as
before, but they are unable to reach one another, unable to console one
another. Present to one another, each must leave the other to bear his
suffering alone. In his intimate love for the Lord and his experience of the
separation of the Cross, John teaches us what he has learned, that these poles
are inseparable and irreducible: glory and redemptive suffering. From this
experience, I believe, flows everything that we have come to know as the
Johannine heritage.
Let us drink deeply from this heritage and be drawn like
James and John along the path of obedient service, that, in the words of St.
Benedict, “having given up our own will, once and for all, and armed with the
strong and noble weapons of obedience we may do battle for the true King,
Christ the Lord,” who has given his life as a ransom for many.
Photographs by Father Emmanuel. This morning's homily by Father Timothy.